Alternative Dispute Resolution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2835 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? Alternative Dispute Resolution Scenario: The Herbert City Council owns a Olympic Pool and Training Centre which is managed by a Mr Samuel Phlipper. Until February 18, 2011 the facility had been used by both the Under Water Hockey Federation of Australia and the National Synchronized Swimmers Association. This has been possible because, up to now, the national teams of the respective associations have not made heavy use of the only available time in which the pool is closed to the public, that is, from 6:00am to 8:00am. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alternative Dispute Resolution" essay for you Create order Both groups have now decided to use Herbert as the base for their Games training programmes and, as a consequence, they are claiming the right to the full two hour session every day. Both parties assert that priority usage agreements have been signed with the Herbert City Council. Mr Phlipper is not willing to extend the hours at which the pool is open because this would incur excessive . overtime costs and any variation of hours would not only inconvenience him but would impact on the use of the pool by the general public. In addition to the dispute over the use of the pool itself, the two groups have become increasingly antagonistic. The all male Under Water Hockey Squad objects to the bee-bop music played by the synchronized swimmers and claim that discarded hair pins and dislodged nose pegs left on the floor of the pool have caused the hockey players to sustain minor injuries during practice. For their part the women swimmers have taken offence to pictures of scantily clad females which have been placed in communal areas by the Hockey Squad and at the frequent remarks with sexual innuendo made by the Hockey Squad members. The men also have a record of leaving equipment around the pool and expecting the women to clean up at the end of the training sessions. Question 1 Identify the parties issues and interests. The two teams nominate a representative to attempt a resolution of the issues through direct negotiation. The President of UWHF, Chuck Fitzpatrick, is concerned not to appear sexist, and is very keen to appease the womens team. The representative of the non-hierarchical swimming squad, Ms Georgia Douglas, has been democratically elected because she is a person who can be relied on to hold firm to an agreed position. She does not intend to move from her bottom line. Her team must be guaranteed priority usage and all the offensive material must be removed from the pool complex. This factual matrix revolves around a dispute between the key parties, the Under Water Hockey Federation of Australia, the National Synchronized Swimmers Association and the Herbert City Council and its manager Mr Samuel Phlipper. It arises over the two teams assertion to use the pool in the two hour time slot that it is closed to the public, each claiming a contractual priority right to the pool at this time. Additionally, just as with most disputes, alongside the major issue there are secondary issues arising either directly out of the major issue or as a result of the antagonism between parties. These include having the pool closed for more than two hours in the morning [Mr Phlippers concern]; the bee-bop music and discarded hairpins and dislodged nose pegs [The Hockey Squads concerns]; the pictures of scantily clad women placed in communal areas, the sexual innuendo and leaving pool equipment to be put away by the ladies [concerns by the Swimming team about the mens beh aviour] and last but not least the antagonism between the teams and the attitude of the Swimming team and their representative to the Dispute Resolution process. The pools public clientele are also a party, albeit minor. Though they do not have an issue as such, they none the less have an interest which should not be completely ignored. The aim here as with any form of negotiation, is to reach a solution as satisfactory as possible for all, within the attendant resource boundaries. Quintessentially, [N]egotiating is a basic means of getting what you want from others. It is back and forth communication designed to reach an agreement when you and the other side have some interests that are shared and others that are opposed.1 Note that the operative word here is interests. That is, not what the parties want, but why they want it. Aside from a concern for the public interest noted already, Mr Phlippers personal interest is in avoiding excessive overtime fees and the inconven ience of having the pool open for longer. The Under Water hockey Squads interests are impliedly, a desire to maintain an attitude and behaviour of male superiority and /or the area as totally their own, avoid minor injuries and it would seem common sense that Chuck [as the teams President] would have an interest in maintaining the Squads reputation and/or want damage control on behalf of the Squad. The Synchronised Swimmers interests are not to have to deal with the Hockey Squads sexist attitude and behaviour and expectations. Just as with the President of the UWHF, the representative of the Swimming Squad also has an interest however her interest is in being positional. That is, she is focused on making sure that a certain outcome is achieved rather than in fulfilling the interests of the team. This is clear since it is stated that Ms Georgia Douglas, has been democratically elected because she is a person who can be relied on to hold firm to an agreed position. She does not intend to move from her bottom line.2 As mentioned above, this creates a tangential issue, interalia, because of the difference in power that can be created by the differing approaches to the negotiation. As noted earlier, a vital, almost inherent component to any successful negotiation is a concentration on the parties interests. Mackie in his book reviewing different negotiation strategies notes clearly that although there are different personality types resulting in different negotiating strategies and some more productive than others, position bargaining really has no place in negotiation . 3 Ineffective competitives, however were described as irritating, headstrong, unreasonable, arrogant and obstructive, lacking the perceptiveness and realism of the effective competitiveness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The problem of the ineffective/competitive is relatively easy to define: he is obnoxious'. 4 Question 2 Advise Chuck on negotiation strategy and how he might deal with Georgia. The negotiators make little progress, so the two representatives decide to request a meeting with Samuel Phlipper. The sticking point appears to be that both teams must have 1  ½ hours each in order to prepare, train and shower afterwards. A brief discussion of the different types of negotiation techniques available to Chuck in the circumstances, with their possible outcomes and recommendations, will be undertaken, in order to more thoroughly advise Chuck on the strategy he might use to deal with Georgia. There is no one and only way to negotiate. Since personalities differ, negotiation styles and their adjunct strategies will also differ. Whether shy, competitive, demanding, accommodating, compromising, bullying or retiring, all of these will affect the way in which we deal with others and so too the way we negotiate. In essence however, these can be boiled down to two main approaches as very briefly alluded to earlier, the competitive adversary and the co-operative problem solver.5 Following the style of the problem solver, the Principled Negotiation concept and its accordant strategies, which arguably changed the landscape in the area of Alternative Dispute Resolution, was introduced by Fisher and Ury i n the 1980s.6 This system has been tested and found to have a higher success rate with 59% of negotiators using this manner being effective whilst effectiveness with the adversarial model was only 25%.7 Furthermore, a follow up study found time the effectiveness of adversarial bargaining continuing to decline, being only 9% at the time the later study was conducted a decade later. 8 There are five founding principles to this approach. The first step is to deal with the problem, not the people. The parties should direct any frustrations at the problem not each other and work together rather than being distracted by misdirected emotions and communication. The problem should be the bad guy not the other party. The second and arguably most important point is, as was already explained, looking at the parties interests à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" what is behind what they ask for? Concentrating on this allows step three to almost flow naturally, that is, brainstorming to arrive at win/win situations instead of demanding certain outcomes. The fourth element is important to ensure that all parties are confident that the outcome was fair and this can be achieved through solutions based on objective standards. Lastly but by no means least is the BATNA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Best Alternative To a Negotiated Outcome. This simply means doing the requisite preparation and knowing exactly what your bottom line is before you go in. As opposed to a positional stance, this is not what is brought in at the start and demanded but rather something each party is aware that beyond this point any agreement would be unworkable. Given the success rate of the problem solving approach to negotiation, Chuck should normally be advised to take this approach. However, despite its success rate and as mentioned previously, sometimes there are obstacles, and in this case it is Georgias adversarial approach. Numerous authors who commend the work of Fisher and Ury none the less state that dif ferent strategies need to be employed when a co-operative negotiator must deal with an adversarial party, making the playing field uneven.9 It is the opinion of this author that Principled Negotiation should still form the foundational strategy of Chucks approach since ultimately this technique also aims to ensure satisfaction as much as is possible for both sides, and as such is most likely to mean a more enduring solution. However rarely are negotiations purely co-operative and to do so here is, paradoxically, likely to be naÃÆ' ¯ve and counter-productive. 10 Therefore it is recommended that some further strategies also be employed. Wade points out in his article on strategies for difficult negotiations that the party making the first offer and the content of that offer are two very vital considerations. 11 It is suggested here that Chucks desire to appease the womens team, well intentioned as it is, not be allowed to result in Chucks premature agreement. This is piv otal; a certain amount of delay may be necessary to allow room for thought. Given that they are both in training, it seems likely that a competition of some sort is approaching for both teams and therefore possibly suggesting to Georgia that her unwillingness to even discuss her position could cost them both a great deal of time, may also help. McLean when discussing difficult people posits that [A] helpful strategy is to agree with the superficial complaint but then direct attention to the matter of costs and that perhaps there is something to be gained by compromise. 12 McLean also notes that it might also be important for Chuck to consider a way of allowing Georgia to save face without letting go of anything that falls below the teams bottom line.13 Since the sticking point is the actual time required to use the pool it seems that the Under Water Squad may be willing to amend the offensive behaviour and this could be used by Chuck as a sign of compromise and allows G eorgia the opportunity to show she has still managed to at least secure part of the girls demands. 14 Question 3 Samuel is faced with a number of impasses and at least one difficult person. Identify them and suggest strategies he might use at the meeting. The Impasses and People The impasses seem to ultimately be that both parties need use of the pool for at least an hour and a half but it is only open for 2 hours each morning. A change in the behaviour of the mens team and the nose pegs, hairpins and bee-bop music of the womens team were an issue but these seem to be negotiable since we have been told that the sticking point is the time for use of the pool so it seems these are no longer impasses. Opening the pool for longer will affect Samuel and the public interest and incur excessive overtime costs and though this is not a major impasse, it none the less still needs consideration and last but not least as pointed out earlier, Georgia is demanding that her team have priority use of the pool making her a more difficult person to deal with. The Strategy Samuel is brought in for a meeting with the two teams. His strategy will be largely determined by his role. If we are to take this scenario at face value, then Samuel would not be considered a neutral party since he does have an interest in and to a great extent, power over, the outcome of the dispute. Therefore the most obvious role of just mediator is highly unlikely. NADRAC,15 the main governmental body overseeing Alternative Dispute Resolution in Australia explains that Mediationis a process in which [T]he mediator has no advisory or determinative role in regard to the content of the dispute or the outcome of its resolution , but may advise on or determine the process of mediation whereby resolution is attempted. 16 Therefore Samuel is most likely to be acting in a hybrid process described by NADRAC as follows, Combined or hybrid dispute resolution processes are processes in which the dispute resolution practitioner plays multiple roles. For example, in conciliati on and in conferencing, the dispute resolution practitioner may facilitate discussions, as well as provide advice on the merits of the dispute. In hybrid processes, such as med-arb, the practitioner first uses one process (mediation) and then a different one ( arbitration). The strategy therefore is likely to be one of combined mediation, negotiation and quazi adjudication, the last role arising out of the power he has to determine the other two parties contractual rights giving him the power essentially to adjudicate the matter. In Capolingua v Phylum, costs were not awarded to the winning party despite the rule that costs follow the event because of the winning partys unnecessary protraction of the matter. 17 One important factor about the inclusion of Samuel and his adjunct authority is his ability to control the outcome by taking Georgies power to insist on her position out of her hand whilst simultaneously helping her save face. Samuels best plan considering the inter est of both parties could be to try to negotiate separately with each party first to see if they are willing to do alternate days, which would avoid Samuel having to keep the pool open for longer with its consequent problems. Should this fail, he could suggest the option that the pool be open for an extra hour at the end of every day for the public, in place of keeping it open for the extra hour required in the morning to accommodate both parties. This would be on the basis that both parties are willing to share the extra cost and inconvenience of having the pool open and possibly opening it themselves. As noted earlier, if no agreement could be reached, Samuel is in opposition to make a final determinative decision. References 1 Karl J Mackie, A Handbook of Dispute Resolution: ADR in Action (Routledge London, 2002) 2 Directly quoted from the Question. 3 Karl J Mackie, A Handbook of Dispute Resolution: ADR in Action (Routledge London, 2002) Ch 7 4 Karl J Mackie, A Handbook of Dispute Resolution: ADR in Action (Routledge London, 2002) 77-3 5 Charles B Craver, Negotiation Styles: The Impact on Bargaining Transactions, (2003), 58-APR Dispute Resolution Journal 48. 6 Roger Fisher and William Ury, Getting to YES Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1981. 7 Charles B Craver, Negotiation Styles: The Impact on Bargaining Transactions, (2003), 58-APR Dispute Resolution Journal 48, 51. 8 Charles B Craver, Negotiation Styles: The Impact on Bargaining Transactions, (2003), 58-APR Dispute Resolution Journal 48, 52. 9 Charles B Craver, Negotiation Styles: The Impact on Bargaining Transactions, (2003), 58-APR Dispute Resolutio n Journal 48; Bryan M Downie, When negotiations Fail: Causes of Breakdown and Tactics for Breaking the Stalemate, [1991] Apr Negotiation Journal 175; Howard Gadlin, Careful Maneuvers: Mediating Sexual Harassment, [1991] Apr Negotiation Journal 139. 10 Karl J Mackie, A Handbook of Dispute Resolution: ADR in Action (Routledge London, 2002) 77-3 11 Wade, JH The Last Gap (Gasp) in Negotiations. Why it is important? How can it be crossed? (1994) Bepress paper, 4 https://works.bepress.com/john_wade/9 12 McLean, Duncan, Strategies and Methods in Mediation and Communication with High Conflict People (2013) High conflict behaviours. Paper 1, 15/24 https://www.civiljustice.info/highconflict/1 13 McLean, Duncan, Strategies and Methods in Mediation and Communication with High Conflict People (2013) High conflict behaviours. Paper 1, 15/24 https://www.civiljustice.info/highconflict/1 14 Bryan M Downie, When negotiations Fai l: Causes of Breakdown and Tactics for Breaking the Stalemate, [1991] Apr Negotiation Journal 175 15 National Alternative Dispute Resolution Advisory Council. 16 National Alternative Dispute Resolution Advisory Council, Dispute Resolution Terms: The use of terms in (alternative)dispute resolution (September 03)Australian Government Attorney Generals Department, 9 https://www.ag.gov.au/LegalSystem/AlternateDisputeResolution/Documents/NADRAC%20Publications/Dispute%20Resolution%20Terms.PDF 17 Capolingua v Phylum Pty Ltd (1991) 5 WAR 137

The Strength Of A Woman. War Can Have Long Lasting Effects

The strength of a woman War can have long lasting effects even after its all over. In the poems â€Å"I am mirror† by Claribel Algeria woman from Nicaragua shows us that numbness is one of the effects of living through war. In â€Å"an Iraqi Evening†by Yusif Al-Saigh he talks a family enjoying a peaceful time at home and a mother silently saying a prayer while preparing super for her family. Naser Morina tells us in the article â€Å"Obsessive –Compulsive and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Civilian Survivors of War† that women have a high rate of obsessive- compulsive symptoms. In â€Å"The Poetry of Claribel Alegria† they talks about Claribel’s work as a poet and how her work got her banned from El Salvador for talking about some touchy subject†¦show more content†¦They will go through so much silent pain and their children and spouses won’t even know what they are going through. 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Airtel Marketing Strategy Free Essays

Integrated Marketing Communications Group-8, Sec-C Ajit, Anuj, Prateek, Rohit, Vaibhav AIRTEL: Evolution ? ? ? ? Founded: 7th July 1995 First mobile phone company in the world to outsource everything except marketing and sales and finance operates in 20 countries across South Asia, Africa and the Channel Islands The largest cellular service provider in India 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 4P’s ? Product: Airtel is the fifth largest telecom operator in the world with about 230. 8 million subscribers across 19 countries ? It provides mobile, fixed telephony as well as broadband and subscription television services Airtel won 3G licenses in 13 telecom circles of India ? Product differentiation is limited so main USP is uninterrupted services and troubleshooting support ? ? Price: Price in the telecomm industry are close to similar, hence main focus is on customized payment plans ? User is free to choose between plans which favor cheaper SMS? s or calls ? Pay-per-second of usage v/s Pay-pe r-minute of usage is the latest attraction ? 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 4P’s ? Promotion: ? Promotions are usually in multiple formats as discussed further in slides Main focus is connectivity, customized plans as well as dependable network ? Place: ? Airtel has separate plans for each of the regions ? Rural customers get more support and focus is on basic services ? Urban customers are main targets for value added services and accordingly Airtel designs its product offerings and communication plans 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 2P’s ? People: ? Involvement of people with Airtel has increased with campaigns like â€Å"har ek dost zaroori hota hai† ? Final offerings are also highly customized to friend group discounts and so on ? Pack Design: Pack design is kept red to re-inforce Airtel Brand ? Description of Plans is also evident 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 3P’s ? Peer -to-peer: ? High rate of communication to increase peer-to-peer interaction and reviews especially in rece nt stages ? Personalization: ? Personalization is constantly on rise especially with value- added-services ? Participation: ? Airtel has tried to conduct contest every now and then to maximize customer participation but due to high brand clutter it is difficult Media Vehicles ? ? ? ? ? ? Above the line Advertising ? Television ? Radio Print Media ? Out-of-home ? Cinema Below the line Advertising ? Trade Scheme ? Consumer offer ? In-shop and shop-front activities Direct Marketing Events Buzz Digital Communication Ad Agencies ? Creative Agency- JWT India ? ? ? ? Airtel ended its 15-year-long relationship with creative agency, Rediffusion – YR on Aug, 2010. Rediffusion has handled the brand since its inception in 1995 The Airtel account is worth Rs 400 crore in terms of ad spends This also led to change in their logo Madison Media handles ? ? The media duties for Airtel for more than five years now It also handles out-of-home and digital for the brand too Airtel TV Commercials TV Ad Campaigns by Airtel ? â€Å"Har ek friend zaroori hota hai† ? Purpose: ? The commercial for Airtel aims to make the brand trendier for the youth, while attempting not to alienate its older target audience set ? To position Airtel as a brand that embodies friendship, and helps all sorts of friends connect with one another ? TV Advertisement analysis: ? The commercial depicts different kinds of friends one has, and how the presence of each one is necessary in some way or the other ? A jingle penned by film lyricist Amitabh Bhattacharya, makes use of ‘Hinglish’ and popular youth lingo, and has the story of different categories of friends, such as the one who wakes one up during the wee hours for help, or another who may give you company during your financial crunch days ? The jingle ends with ‘Har ek friend zaroori hota hai’, and with the message that Airtel keeps one connected to their friends TV Ad campaigns by Airtel ? ? ? ? ? ? ? â€Å"Dil jo chaahe paas laaye† â€Å"Baat karne se hi baat banti hai† â€Å"Do airtel bajenge to tarakki main char chand lag jaenge† â€Å"Dil jo chahe pass laye† Kuch bandhan atoot hote hain, jaise Airtel ka network† â€Å"Airtel internet 3G par† â€Å"Express yourself † †Har ek friend zaroori hota hai† Ad â€Å"Do airtel bajenge to tarakki main char chand lag jaengeâ€Å" Ad â€Å"Dil jo chahe pass laye† Ad ATL-TV ? ? ? It creates Pervas iveness, allows Airtel to be in the eyes of the audience all the time Even though the audience is not obligated to pay heed to the advertisements, the high creativity quotient of the Airtel Ads makes it virtually impossible for the audience to turn a blind eye to them The Ads are very high on the use of imagery and music ATL-TV ? ? ? The genius of the Oscar winning music director A. We will write a custom essay sample on Airtel Marketing Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now R. Rahman is the man behind the catchy tune Airtel advertises more on its brand and its values than its products and services Most ads just establish the value and beliefs of Airtel than establishing its services like mobile, telephone, or broadband ATL-TV ? ? The likes of Sachin Tendulkar, Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Vidya Balan, A R Rahman have all been brand ambassadors of Airtel at some point or the other One of the key reasons for the lasting impact of the Airtel ads is the reinvention of the content displayed TV (Sponsorship) ? ? Leading sponsor of Kaun Banega Crorepati Airtel subscribers were given a special chance to directly enter KBC ? Participation to the show was only restricted to the Airtel subscribers and BSNL/MTNL landline users for the first couple of seasons. Sponsor of Indian Idol ? Airtel subscribers got an exclusive chance to enter the show TV (Sponsorship) ? ? BCCI has awarded the series sponsorship rights of all international cricket matches played in India to Bharti Airtel for the period 2010-2013 On 9 May 2009, Airtel signed a major deal with Manchester United Football Club TV (Sponsorship) ? ? In 2009, Airtel had signed a three-year deal orth Rs 150 crore with official tournament broadcaster ESPN Star Sports for the title sponsorship of the T20 league. Airtel signed a deal to be title sponsor the inaugural Formula One Indian Grand Prix during the 2011 season Print Media Radio ? Bharti Airtel is among the top two advertiser on radio in India (1% share) ? Promotional ads released by Airtel on radio: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Mobile recharge Score kya hua? Aaj ka kya plan hai? EMI Airtel World Cup Pack Airtel happy Recharge Airtel Minimum Recharge Marathon Airtel – radio ad jingle Consumer Sales Promotions ? ? ? ? ? â€Å"Friendz† pre-paid plan for youth Ladies Special† plan â€Å"Seniors plan† for discounts to senior citizens Executive Corporate Plans â€Å"Family Celebrations offer† – Sp ecial discounts in Call rates SMS services Promotional Campaigns ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Airtel Jai Hind AD Campaign Leadership campaign Quality Time Campaign Magic Dalo Say Hello Launch campaign Magic Hai to Mumkin Hai campaign Call Karo Sona Jeeto campaign Promotions: Health Campaigns ? ? ? ? Airtel and Wockhardt hospitals together launched a â€Å"Good Health† campaign to mark World Health Day on April 7 Comprised two health check-ups at discount of 75% Post-paid subscribers of Airtel could avail the Wockhardt master health check up at Rs 799 against a original cost of Rs 3200 Also available as part of the campaign was the Wockhardt Heart Check at Rs 499, aginst Rs 2400 Grameen Mobile Puratchi: Rural Markets ? ? ? This scheme was for more than 45 lakh society members of IKSCL (IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Coopreative ltd) Farmers had five free Value Added Services under this scheme. The farmers had five free voice messages on mandi prices, farming techniques, weather forecasts, dairy farming, animal husbandry, rural health initiatives on a daily basis The pack for farmers ranged between Rs 1299 and Rs 4000 along with the mobile phone. Direct Marketing ? Direct marketing techniques used: ? Email Marketing ? Display Ads, Social Media sites ? Location based marketing tools, QR Codes ? Telemarketing to customers Events (1/2) ? To reach their target audiences, Airtel has sponsored various TV programmes like ? Big Boss ? Indian Idol ? Super Singer ? Indian Sangeet awards ? Bol Baby Bol Events (2/2) ? Airtel has sponsored various events like ? Indian Grand Prix 2011 ? Champions League T20 ? Delhi Half Marathon ? Border-Gavaskar Trophy, other cricket tours ? Indian Fantasy League ? Indian Golf festival Buzz ? ? ? Launch of Blackberry, tie up with RIM Indian Grand Prix 2011 Social Networking sites ? Facebook, ? Twitter Airtel Simulator Challenge Airtel Out of Home Advertising – Hoardings ? ? ? ? Launching 360 degree campaign, spread over 43 days, rolled out in metros, mini metros in association with Madison media plus group Want to make the brand the part of every day life of costumer. Depict Airtel as youthful, vibrant dynamic brand Gantries, bus shelters pole, neon’s, traffic timers, unipoles, dropdowns, public utility branding, station branding etc are the form of advertisements involved Airtel Out of Home Advertising – Transit Medium, Street Furniture ? ? ? ? To communicate from door to door Seek more attention of the customer Key nodal points of market and high traffic points, TG dwelling and the concentration area Sky ballon branding, boat branding, Cycle branding, Airtel Product Placement Months before the announcement of the August 22nd iPhone launch, fanatics in India were screaming for their shot at iPhone 3G mania. You would think from the crowds in the photo that the Airtel iPhone launch in Mumbai, India was a raging success. Think again! One cult of iPhone follower present at Airtel’s testical festival knows otherwise. Airtel Branded Entertainment ? ? ? Way to create buzz The ads can be flashed in between the various highly watched TV serials or can be sponsors of some big movies Cricket matches, Super star awards, Dance, singing competitions Airtel Sensory Branding ? Through its signature tune ? Its unique color and logo ? Having celebrities like Sachin Tendulkar and A. R. Rahman Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 CSR Initiatives ? ? ? Initiative of opening â€Å"Airtel Ashiana† for underprivileged children at the Mohali office of Airtel Tied up with an NGO to distribute daily surplus food to needy children â€Å"Airtel Experience Centre by Access MO† for the benefit of visually impaired people as well as people from deprived section of society CSR Initiatives ? ? Bharti foundation, the philanthropic arm of Bharti Enterprises was established in 2000 with a vision to help underprivileged children and young people of our country realise their potential In the process of setting up a 1000 â€Å"Satya Bharti Schools† to deliver high quality education to underprivileged children in the deepest rural pockets The First Mover Advantage 1. Electronic recharge 2. Hello Tunes 3. Airtel Live! 4. Portfolio Manager 5. Song Catcher 6. Easy Music 7. Black berry handsets 8. M-cheques Airtel- Retail Media ? ? ? ? Presence of recharging options through an extensive network of small stores/big retail stores/small or big retail shops/pan shops etc Easy way to recharge option by keeping a specific number digit for a particular type of recharge option Availability of new sim cards free of cost to increase the customer base at various outlets Airtel owned stores and Airtel galleries present in every district to address customer queries more responsibly Social, Ethical Legal Issues ? ? VAS Fraud ? There has been lot of criticism about Airtel for its unauthorized VAS activation ? Many of its services were activated automatically according to a complaint ? Several thousands of users were falsely billed ? In return Airtel launched STOP/START 121 services for such issues ? Alternatively, one can sign up on the â€Å"Do Not Disturb† list to avoid all telemarketing calls and SMS Controversy ? Bharti Airtel(India) was issued notices by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India(TRAI) for violation of Mobile number portability(MNP) Regulations. According to TRAI, it had received complains from customers regarding wrong rejection of porting requests by telecom operators Social, Ethical Legal Issues ? ? Silcon Concept has dragged Airtel to the Federal High Court over allegedly making a publication to the claimant? s customers and subscriber by means of voice call, text messages or SMS informing them that the claimant is a band of fraudste r (Oct, 2010) The CCC of ASCI has concluded that Airtel? s advertisement (campaign ‘Dil Titli„) is misleading, as the viewer of the TV commercial is led to believe that Airtel Digital TV has superior picture uality because of MPEG4 or DVBS2 technology (Jan, 2010) ‘Dil Titli‘campaign Social, Ethical Legal Issues ? ? ? The AIRTEL Digital TV advertisement offering ‘Free Regional Pack for life„ was accused of being misleading as the DTH licence was valid only up to May 2018 (Feb, 2010) The CCC of ASCI found the claim made in the SMS ad that Airtel Digital TV Recorder is High Definition capable as misleading BSNL has accused Airtel of unfair trade practices over the private operator’s claim that it is the only mobile telecom service provider in Jammu Kashmir (JK) (Dec, 2004) Thank You How to cite Airtel Marketing Strategy, Essay examples

Eletronic Banking Essay Research Paper Corey Melke5299 free essay sample

Eletronic Banking Essay, Research Paper Corey Melke 5/2/99 BUS 256 Mr. Hunkins ELECTRONIC Banking The Electronic Banking Association ( EBA ) is a non-profit organisation established to make one simple thing-help more people get started with electronic banking. Here # 8217 ; s why. Who taught you how to compose paper cheques? Probably your parent # 8217 ; s right? Well, who # 8217 ; s traveling to learn you how to compose electronic cheques? Probably NOT your parents. That # 8217 ; s where they come in. E-banking is so much more convenient and so much quicker that everyone should cognize about it. The EBA was established as an independent beginning of helpful information about electronic banking for consumers and concerns. Financial establishments, merchandisers, and other fiscal service houses really provide fiscal e-commerce services, but the Electronic Banking Association ( EBA ) proctors advancement in the fiscal e-commerce industry and provides information that will enable users of those services to go better informed and to turn up suppliers of the services they seek. We will write a custom essay sample on Eletronic Banking Essay Research Paper Corey Melke5299 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everyone hates paying measures. It # 8217 ; s time-consuming, frustrating, and you have to cream that atrocious envelope gum. But non with e-banking. You # 8217 ; ll pass less clip paying measures, and more clip making fun material. Here are some advantages to e-banking: No more paper cheques. Your computing machine remembers who you write cheques to. You merely come in an sum so point-and-click. You # 8217 ; ll neer run out of cheques once more. No more fusss. You can schedule your payments in progress, so they # 8217 ; ll acquire paid while you # 8217 ; re on holiday or off on concern. Electronic payments are processed rapidly, in every bit small as 24 hours to 5 yearss ( unlike a paper cheque sent in the mail, which takes an norm of 10 yearss to post ) . No more envelopes to cream. No envelope gum. No paper cuts on your lingua. And you can halt composing your return reference once more, and once more, and once more. No more author # 8217 ; s spasm. It takes everlastingly to compose cheques and references every month. E-banking cuts that clip to practically nil. No more casts. With e-banking, there # 8217 ; s no postage and your measures are processed rapidly # 8211 ; whenever you want them paid. You can pay your measures online, so it merely makes sense to have them that manner, excessively. This is called # 8220 ; Electronic Bill Presentment, # 8221 ; and more and more concerns are traveling to offer it. No more lost measures. Your Canis familiaris can # 8217 ; t eat electronic measures. Your childs can # 8217 ; t mislay them. And you can # 8217 ; t lose them under a stack of catalogs. Wage measures when you want to. Not when the station office decides to present them. Snap to see it. Click to pay it. Your measures appear right on your computing machine screen and look much like the printed measures you are used to acquiring. But the difference is you can pay them with J ust the chink of a mouse. Better record maintaining. All your charge and payment information is kept in one convenient location, non in mussy composition board boxes or goodness merely knows where else. You can pay your measures online, so it merely makes sense to have them that manner, excessively. This is called # 8220 ; Electronic Bill Presentment, # 8221 ; and more and more concerns are traveling to offer it. In add-on to paying measures online, you can acquire current information any clip you want it. So you can acquire up-to-date history balances, transportation financess, obtain information about cheque glade ; all kinds of things. You can import this information straight into today # 8217 ; s popular fiscal direction plans such as Quicken? without holding to re-enter it. You buy things all the clip with recognition cards, right? Well so, those are electronic minutess merely like these. Today # 8217 ; s latest Web browsers have sophisticated encoding that # 8217 ; s really unafraid. What # 8217 ; s more, electronic cheques are safer than holding paper cheques lying around where anyone can obtain and misapply your history information. Experts predict it would take a hacker over 2,000 old ages to check 56-bit encoding. Yet many fiscal establishments today require a browser that supports 128-bit encoding, which would take about 12,710,204,652,610,000,000,000,000 old ages to check. Now that # 8217 ; s secure. ( Beginning: Byte Magazine ) When you # 8217 ; re ready to open an e-banking history, you can have more information on security, every bit good as a recent browser that supports 128-bit encoding, through your fiscal establishment or at the Netscape and Microsoft Web sites. In the clip it takes you to pay your measures the antique manner, you can be up and running with e-banking. Best of all, one time you enter who you pay measures to, you # 8217 ; ll neer have to re-enter that information. Your fiscal establishment may offer e-banking via the Web or a personal fiscal director or both. Web-based e-banking is by and large easier and quicker to put up. All you # 8217 ; ll need is a recent browser that supports U.S. encoding. To utilize your fiscal establishment # 8217 ; s personal finance director, you # 8217 ; ll need the package from that establishment. How to put up an online history ( You # 8217 ; ll need a checking history established with the fiscal establishment foremost. ) : 1. Have of import information Handy ( history Numberss, driver # 8217 ; s licence, societal security figure, recognition card Numberss, employer contact info, old reference ) . 2. Travel to your fiscal establishment # 8217 ; s web site. 3. Click to the e-banking page of the site. 4. Fill out and subject the on-line e-banking registration signifier. 5. Within a few yearss your fiscal establishment will direct you a e-banking start-up bundle that will incorporate a user ID, watchword and web site reference with instructions on how to get down e-banking. That # 8217 ; s all there is to it! You # 8217 ; ll be amazed how convenient e-banking is. Try it one time, and you # 8217 ; ll neer travel back.

Englands Greatest Poet And Playwright Was Born At Essays - Kings Men

England's greatest poet and playwright was born at Stratford-upon-Avon, the son of a tradesman and Alderman of Stratford, John Shakespeare in 1564. William, the eldest son, and third child (of eight) was baptised on 26th April 1564 and probably educated at Stratford Grammar School, but little is known of his life up to his eighteenth year. He did not go to University and his younger contemporary and fellow-dramatist, Ben Johnson, would later speak disparagingly of his small Latin, and less Greek in the eulogy prefaced to the Firs Folio. However the Grammar School curriculum would have provided a formidable linguistic, and to some extent literary, education. Although, in 1575 when he was eleven, there was a great plague in the country and Queen Elizabeth journeyed out of London to avoid its consequences and stayed for several days at Kenilworth Castle near Stratford enjoying festivities arranged by her host Lord Leicester. It is probable these events may have made a strong impact on the mind of young William. At the age of Eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, eight years his senior. Five years later he left for London. William worked at the Globe Theatre and appeared in many small parts. He first appeared in public as a poet in 1593 with his Venus and Adonis and the following year with The Rape of Lucrece. He became joint proprietor of The Globe and also had an interest in the Blackfriars Theatre. The play writing commenced in 1595 and of the 38 plays that comprise the Shakespeare Cannon, 36 were published in the 1st Folio of 1623, of which 18 had been published in his lifetime in what are termed the Quarto publications. Love's Labour's Lost and The Comedy of Errors appear to be among the earliest, being followed by The Two Gentlemen of Verona and Romeo and Juliet. Then followed Henry VI, Richard III, Richard II, Titus Andronicus, The Taming of the Shrew, King John, The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Night's Dream, All's Well that Ends Well, Henry IV, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Henry V, Much Ado about Nothing, As you like it, Twelth Night, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Troilus and Cressida, Othello, Measure for Measure, Macbeth, King Lear, Timon of Athens, Pericles, Antony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus, Cymbeline, A Winter's Tale, The Tempest, Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen. When he retired from writing in 1611, he returned to Stratford to live in a house which he had built for his family. His only son, Hamnet died when still a child. He also lost a daughter Judith (twin to Hamnet), but his third child Susanna married a Stratford Doctor, John Hall and their home Hall's Croft is today preserved as one of the Shakespeare Properties and administered by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. In 1616 Shakespeare was buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity the same Church where he was baptised in 1564. Tradition has it that he died after an evening's drinking with some of his theatre friends. His gravestone bears the words:- Good frend for Jesus sake forebeare, to digg the dust encloased heare, Bleste be ye man yt spares thes stones, And curst be he yt moves my bones. In his will Shakespeare left his wife, the former Anne Hathaway, his second best bed. We cannot be sure of the reason for this. It may have been the marital bed the best bed being reserved for guests. It may suggest that they had a not altogether happy marriage which nevertheless produced three children, Susanna, born on May 26th 1583 and twins , Hamnet and Judith, born on February 2nd 1585. These entries appear in the Holy Trinity Register. There is no direct evidence of the marriage of William Shakespeare to Anne Hathaway although most historians accept that an entry in the Bishop's Register at Worcester in November 1582 regarding the issue of a marriage licence to William Shaxpere and Anne Whateley of Temple Grafton does not refer to the famous bard. However the following day a guarantee of ?40 was undertaken in Stratford by two yeomen of the town against the prevention of the legal marriage of William Shagspere and Anne Hathway on only one reading of the banns. In 1582 , ?40 was a considerable sum of money and one cannot believe that the simple fact of Anne's being three months pregnant would warrant it. No marriage of an Anne Whatelely has ever been traced, neither has the marriage of Anne Hathway, but lack of record does not mean that it did not happen.

Reproduction Process Essays - Reproduction, Fertility, Free Essays

Reproduction Process Essays - Reproduction, Fertility, Free Essays Reproduction Process reproduction process by which organisms replicate themselves. In a general sense reproduction is one of the most important concepts in biology: it means making a copy, a likeness, and thereby providing for the continued existence of species. Although reproduction is often considered solely in terms of the production of offspring in animals and plants, the more general meaning has far greater significance to living organisms. To appreciate this fact, the origin of life and the evolution of organisms must be considered. One of the first characteristics of life that emerged in primeval times must have been the ability of some primitive chemical system to make copies of itself. At its lowest level, therefore, reproduction is chemical replication. As evolution progressed, cells of successively higher levels of complexity must have arisen, and it was absolutely essential that they had the ability to make likenesses of themselves. In unicellular organisms, the ability of one cell to reproduce itself means the reproduction of a new individual; in multicellular organisms, however, it means growth and regeneration. Multicellular organisms also reproduce in the strict sense of the termthat is, they make copies of themselves in the form of offspringbut they do so in a variety of ways, many involving complex organs and elaborate hormonal mechanisms. Reproduction of organisms In single-celled organisms (e.g., bacteria, protozoans, many algae, and some fungi), organismic and cell reproduction are synonymous, for the cell is the whole organism. Details of the process differ greatly from one form to the next and, if the higher ciliate protozoans are included, can be extraordinarily complex. It is possible for reproduction to be asexual, by simple division, or sexual. In sexual unicellular organisms the gametes can be produced by division (often multiple fission, as in numerous algae) or, as in yeasts, by the organism turning itself into a gamete and fusing its nucleus with that of a neighbour of the opposite sex, a process that is called conjugation. In ciliate protozoans (e.g., Paramecium), the conjugation process involves the exchange of haploid nuclei; each partner acquires a new nuclear apparatus, half of which is genetically derived from its mate. The parent cells separate and subsequently reproduce by binary fission. Sexuality is present even in primitive bacteria, in which parts of the chromosome of one cell can be transferred to another during mating. Multicellular organisms also reproduce asexually and sexually; asexual, or vegetative, reproduction can take a great variety of forms. Many multicellular lower plants give off asexual spores, either aerial or motile and aquatic (zoospores), which may be uninucleate or multinucleate. In some cases the reproductive body is multicellular, as in the soredia of lichens and the gemmae of liverworts. Frequently, whole fragments of the vegetative part of the organism can bud off and begin a new individual, a phenomenon that is found in most plant groups. In many cases a spreading rhizoid (rootlike filament) or, in higher plants, a rhizome (underground stem) gives off new sprouts. Sometimes other parts of the plant have the capacity to form new individuals; for instance, buds of potentially new plants may form in the leaves; even some shoots that bend over and touch the ground can give rise to new plants at the point of contact. Among animals, many invertebrates are equally well endowed with means of asexual reproduction. Numerous species of sponges produce gemmules, masses of cells enclosed in resistant cases, that can become new sponges. There are many examples of budding among coelenterates, the best known of which occurs in freshwater Hydra. In some species of flatworms, the individual worm can duplicate by pinching in two, each half then regenerating the missing half; this is a large task for the posterior portion, which lacks most of the major organsbrain, eyes, and pharynx. The highest animals that exhibit vegetative reproduction are the colonial tunicates (e.g., sea squirts), which, much like plants, send out runners in the form of stolons, small parts of which form buds that develop into new individuals. Vertebrates have lost the ability to reproduce vegetatively; their only form of organismic reproduction is sexual. In the sexual reproduction of all organisms except bacteria, there is one common feature: haploid, uninucleate gametes are produced that join in fertilization to form a diploid, uninucleate zygote. At some later stage in the life history of the organism, the chromosome number is again reduced by meiosis to form the next generation of gametes. The gametes may be in size (isogamy), or one may be slightly larger than the other (anisogamy); the majority

The Contest in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Contest in America - Essay Example The mitigation and extinction of slavery is inevitable because the reforms in agriculture cannot accommodate the dynamics of slavery. In support of Mill’s statement, consider his explanation that, the demise of slavery is brought by political developments. The major political development leading to the death warrant for slavery is the formation of the Republican Party. The Republicans aim at uniting the northern and southern regions of America. However, each region has different views on slavery. The north has to outlaw slavery for the union to work. Stuart Mill argues that the desire to unite these region impacts more on slavery compared to abolitionists. Although the Republican Party is the brainchild of slave owners, it shifts its focus towards the abolition of poverty. The Republican Party takes arms against slavery and its extension; thus, signs the death warranty for slavery. Agrarian revolution symbolizes the death of slavery. The incompatibility of slavery with any sought of skilled labor prevents diversification of produce. 3Mill considers that the main crops cultivated using slaves can no longer be produced on the same land. Consequently, it is possible that slavery may die out because the farmers cannot find new fields that need slave labor. The death warranty of slavery comes from the depreciation of the pecuniary value of labor due to liberalization of production options. Slavery presents challenges that could evoke civil war. The North American region may fight the South American region. In case the south is not put down, the contest will become an anti-slavery one. Stuart Mill hopes that war continues for a long time so that it can regenerate American people. Therefore, the contest in America will focus on the abolition of slavery. It is evident that Mill’s statement, death of slavery comes from the possibility that slavery will come to an end. The war will mark the abolition of slavery; thus, its beginning is the death

Political Belonging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Political Belonging - Essay Example Through his work based on the sphere of Justice, Michael Wlazer provides that the essence of a given idea regarding social justice is to define spheres of distribution of a particular social good This creates a sense of distribution of certain sphere where its respective criteria of distribution does not influence the distribution of others from different spheres (Walzer, 1983, pp 20). This is a pull factor for migration of people. Subsequently, no existence of social goods will prevail as a monopolistic aspect that could otherwise trigger unnecessary social dominance. Migration trends and types is central to the organization of the social-political situation of different countries for instance, the European states have been projecting on a managed migrants policies where they allow migrants to enter their territories and settle given that they fulfill certain conditions and ways of belongings. The international rights of migrants regime has been presented as a discourse as opposed t o effective practical engagement. This results into a situation of cross-cutting violations of human rights. Indeed, human rights asserted on behalf of humanity ought to be guaranteed by the responsible authoritative political unit (Walzer, 1983, pp 62). This implies that the political body should identify with the strangers through acquittal with their rights and privileges. The advances that have been made with regard to human rights must be comprehended via a historical perspective relative to specific incidences in history.

The Centralized Manager Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Centralized Manager - Research Paper Example Management is an important aspect of Public Administration and it is important that whoever holds such an important position should abide by the principles of workmanship. Good public administration practices ensure that performance of employees as well as effective management practices. Managers should differentiate between management and leadership because they are supposed to be applied at different times and when situations call for either. In the case study, Suha’s situation in the Information Technology department during her placement at ADNOC will be analyzed. The manager of the IT Division Dr. Ahmed rendered his junior colleagues useless as he built a tough relationship with other employees considering that he was applying unprofessional practices toward them. His behavior was toxic, and as such, he led to certain trustable and dedicated employees leave ADNOC. The situation that escalated because of Ahmed led to the loss of important members who had great vision for th e company. This means that poor management do have considerable effects on the performance of staff as well as their relationship with work. In this case study, the paper will analyze the reasons behind Suha, Abdulrahman, and Dania leaving the organization though they were still young and energetic. What was the problem? Was it them or management? That is something the paper will help use find out. The Organization Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) is one that was established in the United Arab Emirates as the maiden government-owned company. It is specialized in distribution and marketing of petroleum products with the UAE. As among the largest companies in the Gulf region dealing in petroleum, it operates within a large network of service area and convenient stores. The company’s service stations have the most advanced technology such as vacuuming and automated car wash, repair of tyre and lube services. The company also has auto car services which are found in Al Ain, Northern Emirates, Abu Dhabi, and Western Region. The company has different departments and divisions with each having clear roles and responsibilities. With respect to the case study, the main focus will be on the IT department headed by Dr. Ahmed. The IT Division at ADNOC has a distinct structure consisting of four different departments. IT Division Manager Office Administrator Application System Department Data Center and Network Technical Support IT Quality and Control The Organizational Structure and Staff The first important person in the organization is Dr. Ahmed, an Algerian who is 45 years old and has been a manager in the IT department in ADNOC Distribution for about 17 years. Having done his BSc in Engineering from Salford in Manchester, an MSc in Computer Based Design, and PhD in Computer Control and Simulation from University of Leeds, Ahmed had a wealth of experience from reputable institutions and a real professional in that regard. The experience means that he has e verything needed to move the company forward when surrounded by young, energetic, and ambitious IT specialists. Ahmed had a large window that faces the corridor, he never closed that curtains Ahmed sat in a position where he could observe every movement made by every employee and ordered them to come to his office. This does not give freedom at work whatsoever; he was manhandling his juniors from time to time. He was that kind of a nosey manager who would want to know every move and make assumptions on every movement. In a working environment as busy as ADNOC Distribution, employees need not waste any time with certain questions even personal ones. Time is money and management is about saving the available time in pushing toward the goals of an organization. Being a chief gossiper in the office, he

The Philosophy Of Death

The Philosophy Of Death The Death of Ivan Ilych, by Leo Tolstoy provides a literary portrait of a mans life and death. This exercise aims to analyse denial and the inevitability of death, both its meaning and context, in The Death of Ivan Ilych, using the philosophy of Martin Heidegger in Being and Time. The Death of Ivan Ilych In the study of literature, The Death of Ivan Ilych is generally regarded as one of the most influential works on death and dying. The story is a classic study of how acceptance of mortality can change how individuals approach not only life, but also death. Structurally, The Death of Ivan Ilych is a simple text. It begins with what would be the end of the story, Ivans funeral, and then records his life from childhood to his illness. In this way, Tolstoy suggests that Ivan Ilych is not really alive until he confronts the deterioration of his being. Ivan Ilychs life had been most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible (Tolstoy, 235). The chronicle of Ivans life begins with this line. Ivan Ilych consumed his life by just playing a role, formality and propriety were imperative to him, more so than any kind of human emotion. Serving as a judge, he had a career with influence and standing, and a respectable middle-class family. Then, a mysterious illness befalls him, one that no amount of skilled doctors can accurately diagnose. Whilst all are in agreement that his condition is terminal, they defer from telling him and insist that the treatments will one day have him back on his feet. Ivan Ilych is ultimately reduced to lying on a sofa, eased only by opium and the goodness of his servant, Gerasim, who says, Its Gods will. We shall all come to it some day (Tolstoy, 235). The novel follows the course of Ivans slow deterioration and his inability to deal with the inevitable approach of death. He tries for a long time to look away from it, to hide, but he cannot. Ironically, as he begins to sense the looming spectre of death, Ivan questions the dismantling of his comfortable life and the rightness of how he lived. Ivan wonders, Why must I die and die in agony? There is something wrong! Maybe I did not live as I ought to have done (Tolstoy, 273). In the midst of his desperate screaming, two hours before his death, Ivan feels the tears of his son on his hand. After months dwelling on his own torment, he feels pity for his son and asks for forgiveness. It is at this moment that he is released from the mental anguish that has engulfed him, and in place of death, there was light (Tolstoy, 279). Heidegger and the Inevitability of Death One of these days one will die too, in the end; but right now it has nothing to do with us (Heidegger: 297). Death is an inevitable event. Someday, we will all die and ultimately confront the inescapable reality of our own mortality. German philosopher, Martin Heidegger, gives new meanings to our understanding of death in Being and Time. Heidegger argues that by confronting the inevitability of death, we adjust our perspectives and alter our approach towards life. We become beings-toward-death who are able to re-examine life and embrace our world. The discussion in Being and Time depends on understanding the use of the term, Dasein, commonly translated as existence or more literally as being there, it could be said that Dasein is an individual human being. As Dasein, we are each an existing entity and have the ability to consider how we shall be in the world. By Heideggers analysis of being-towards-death, Dasein understands what it means to exist. Heidegger suggests that rather than facing the reality of death, Dasein may flee from it, back into the absorption of everyday life. By running away from the reality and the finitude of our existence, we may collapse into a state of anxiety and bring forth anguish in Daseins being; we may despair when confronted with the actuality of our death. According to Heidegger, angst enables us to have an understanding of our eventual demise and anticipation in the face of death makes an authentic life possible. When we choose to accept the inevitable, we realise the possibilities of life and we discover a truth; we can find meaning at least for ourselves. By breaking the illusions of death, we can conquer life. This is the difference between living authentic and inauthentic lives. While we cannot know what death itself will be like, we can look ahead towards our dying. By accepting that one is constantly moving towards death and understanding that mortality is fundamental to who we are, Heidegger states something authentic is uncovered, a moment that will truly be ones own. Through this insight, Heidegger shows that death is an individual event in that it is something that every person must go through. Nobody can die my death It is unique to each one of us. To each it is given and cannot be denied. A Heideggerian Approach to Ivan Ilych In Being and Time, Heidegger makes use of Tolstoys story in his own analysis of death. He says in a footnote, In his story The Death of Ivan Ilyitch Leo Tolstoi has presented the phenomenon of the disruption and breakdown of having someone die (Heidegger: 495). Early in the novel, Ivans death is presented as an inconvenience and a burden. His wifes attitude to his failing condition is that it was his own fault and was another of the annoyances he caused her (Tolstoy, 254). This parallels Heideggers thoughts on the everyday relationship with death, Indeed the dying of Others is seen often enough as social inconvenience, if not even a downright tactlessness, against which the public is to be guarded (Heidegger, 298). In the story, death is seen as a social inconvenience, disrupting everyday life. From Heideggers perspective, the story of Ivan Ilych demonstrates a case of an individual that lives an inauthentic existence. Ivan Ilych, his wife and family, and even the doctors have all missed the point that death is certain; one cannot escape the inevitability of death. It is perhaps only Gerasim, a simple peasant, who is able to maintain an authentic and reflective stance towards death. Gerasim is not interested in upholding the trivial social concerns that everyone else seems to he recognises that death is a reality. Half way through the story Ivan remarks, Gerasim alone did not lie; everything showed that he alone understood the facts of the case and did not consider it necessary to disguise them (Tolstoy, 264). From a Heideggerian perspective, Gerasim alone displays a compassionate and meaningful existence in the story. As Ivans condition slowly deteriorates, it (the pain, the spectre of death) becomes something that he can no longer ignore, although he is still being told that he will recover. At a certain point, however, he begins to ask, Why deceive myself? (Tolstoy, 257) When Ivans brother-in-law visits before New Years, he is so disturbed by his condition that he is unable to be in his presence. He says to Ivans wife Why, hes a dead man! Look at his eyes theres no light in them (Tolstoy, 256), though she denies this change. For her, he is merely sick; he will get better with time. Heidegger lets us understand this when he says, This evasive concealment in the face of death dominates everydayness so stubbornly that, in Being with one another, the neighbours often still keep talking the dying person into the belief that he will escape death and soon return to the tranquillized everydayness of the world of his concern (Heidegger, 297). Though Ivans family appear to be trying to comfort him, reall y they are only denying what Ivan has now realised he will soon face his own death. When Ivan truly realises that his condition is incurable, he reflects on a presentation of death he had learnt from Kiezewetters Logic, Caius is a man, men are mortal, therefore Caius is mortal, had always seemed to him correct as applied to Caius, but certainly not as applied to himself. That Caius man in the abstract was mortal, was perfectly correct, but he was not Caius, not an abstract man, but a creature quite quite separate from all others (Tolstoy, 259). This comparison to Gaius Julius Caesar demonstrates that Ivans attitude towards death is severely misunderstood. For Heidegger, this statement would seem to imply Ivan Ilych fell into the inauthentic way of life, unable to face his death with acceptance and bravery, preferring instead to be coddled and pitied. Conclusion The Death of Ivan Ilych is primarily a meditation on the nature of death. For Heidegger, death brings our lives into focus. Referencing Leo Tolstoys The Death of Ivan Ilych as an example, Heidegger argues that most people go through life in avoidance of the reality the possibility to end all possibilities ones death. Heidegger is confident that by anticipating death, we can ensure an authentic way of being.

Flight 93 :: essays papers

Flight 93 Flight 93, the flight that crashed near some fields in the outskirts of Pennsylvania. But what was it doing there? What caused the plane to miss its target and crash? These answers may soon be revealed when detectives can finally examine the planes black box, found just recently. Many answers however can be found through other pieces of info that have come up along the way during the investigations. For instance, the multiple calls made to family members as well as 911 from the frantic passengers. Mark Bingham for instance called 911, as well as his mom telling her he loved her and that the plane was being hijacked. Another man called 911 screaming that they were being hijacked and that he heard some sort of explosion and saw white smoke coming from the plane. Then there was Tom Burnett, who called his wife saying the hijackers had already stabbed to death one passenger and that he intended to do something about it. A Jeremy Glick called his relatives saying the same, that he and some other passengers were intending to fight the hijackers. These calls brought up the thought that perhaps some passengers on board had fought the hijackers, keeping them from controlling the plane, and sending it crashing to the ground. Another theory is that the pilot, Jason Dahl might have purposefully crashed the plane to prevent the hijackers from taking it over. Or perhaps that Dahl had cut off the planes fuel with out the hijackers being aware. It was said that the plane looked like it went straight down; and that the plane had almost completely disintegrated on impact leaving a hole several feet deep. Another theory was that perhaps the U.S. Military had shot down flight 93 as to prevent it from taking aim at another important government building. But these claims have been sharply denied by Pentagon officials. The FBI says to the question if it has been ruled out or not that it is â€Å"kind of a loaded question.

Ethics of Native American Mascots Essay

Ethics of Native American mascots is a controversial topic and should not be argued against because they are used ethically, complementary, and respectfully. The Native American Mascot controversy is a topic that has presented itself in recent years all across the country. Though there have been some issues, complaints, and moral questions brought up about the Native American mascot dilemma by a minority group of people, there is no legitimate argument to why these mascots should be banned. Ethically, there is nothing wrong with using Native American symbols as mascots. Native American mascots are ethical. Ethics is defined as â€Å"a system of moral principles and rules, the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group or culture, and also a branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions† (dictionary. com). Native American mascots and logos for sports leagues has been a debate dating back as far as the late 1960s (Oguntoyinbo 2011). When talking about the ethics side of the argument, calling the images and logos unethical toward Native Americans is wrong because ethics, like the definition says, portrays to respect and class toward a group or culture. The purpose of mascots is to believe in something, to have a logo that brings teams and communities together for battle in sports, and to perform well and do your best so you stand tall and proud to be a part of your team and mascot. To be a warrior on a football field and literally have the warrior symbol, to be a brave, or the chiefs and represent honor, courage, and bravery would be astonishing. Native American mascots are complementary. The use of logos as mascots is to honor Native Americans, they are not used to offend, and they are not misguiding (King 2002). Though there are two sides to every argument, when a mascot is called degrading or any negative term other than complementary, it must have something border line if not over the top offensive on it. There is no legitimate argument for why an arrowhead on the side of a football helmet, a logo of a Native American chief’s head on the side of a school or even a tomahawk on a basketball jersey is being reverted to as degrading, but the controversy still continues. Some names can be offensive such as Redmen, Savages, etc. But if it is the name itself that offends, it needs to be argued that way and not toward the Native American mascot as a symbol. Arguing a mascot as degrading when really it is meant the name is disrespectful in itself because a mascot is a symbol of a team, not the name; it is also the strength and core of a team. Mascots are purposely portrayed as being ethical, complementary, and respectful, in fact â€Å"tribal names find their way onto all kinds of consumer products, such as the Jeep Cherokee and the Dodge Dakota. For the same reason, Indian images appear on U. S. currency, such as the old Indian-head nickel and the new Sacajawea dollar. The Army even names its helicopters after tribes: the Apache Longbow, the Kiowa Warrior, the Comanche, and the Blackhawk. If we were† to let the minority side of this argument change Native American mascots, then â€Å"a number of cities (e. g. , Chicago, Miami, and Milwaukee), plus about half the states, would have to be renamed (Miller 2001). Mascots are symbols, symbols of spirit, and symbols of strength. Native American mascots are respectful. The minority of people who argue this issue want these mascots to change because they believe that Native American mascots are disrespectful to Native Americans, they are portrayed disrespectfully, and everything about the mascot is portrayed disrespectful. Some even say that teams with Native American mascots do what’s called a tomahawk chop that supposedly represent Indian culture and meant for honoring them but that’s not true (Pewewardy 2000). Doing a tomahawk chop is in no way disrespectful, in fact, a tomahawk chop is used to pump up the crowd, it’s used to respect the heritage of the Native American, and it’s used to continue tradition. Being a part of a Native American mascot team, chances are the intent is to want to represent that logo and be the upmost respectful possible toward the heritage that the symbol represents. It is amazing how some can say that Native American mascots are disrespectful. A huge reason that Florida State University got to keep their symbol and logo the Seminoles is because the chief of the Seminole tribe in Florida strongly supports what Florida State does with the symbol and how it is respected. Disrespect is when a team of any name burns a mascot logo before a game, disrespect is when a sports game is not played by the rules, disrespect is when refusal to shake and opponents hand after a lost battle, not a logo that represents pride and respect for a team, school, and community. Ethics of Native American mascots is a controversial topic and should not be argued against because again they are not being used unethically, they are not degrading, and they are not being used disrespectfully. Schools shouldn’t have to change their mascot because a few minority people give speeches, write letters to the NCAA, or even protest about it. It should come down to what the tribes themselves want; they are the ones with their image portrayed out there as mascots. That would be the ethical and right way to go about this controversy. Ethics can play a big role when it comes to the Native American mascot issue. No matter which side is chosen to debate, ethics should always be considered one of, if not, the top motivation. Works Cited â€Å"Definition of ethics. † Ethics definition. Dictionary. com. Web. 15 November 2011 King, Richard. â€Å"Defensive dialogues: Native American mascots, anit-Indianism, and educationalinstitutions. † Academic Search Premier. Simile, February 2002. Web. 27 November 2011. Miller, John. â€Å"What’s in a (Team) Name? † Academic Search Premier. National Review, 16 April 2001. Web. 15 November 2011. Oguntoyinbo, Lekan. â€Å"The Name Game. † Academic Search Premier. Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, 28 April 2011. Web. 15 November 2011.. Pewewardy, Cornel. â€Å"Why Educators Should Not Ignore Indian Mascots. † Academic Search Premier. Multicultural Perspectives, 2000. Web. 27 November 2011.

Cómo puede un extranjero divorciarse en Estados Unidos

Cà ³mo puede un extranjero divorciarse en Estados Unidos  ¿Pueden  divorciarse todos los extranjeros que residen en los Estados Unidos con independencia de su estatus migratorio y sin que importe el paà ­s en el que se casaron? Para evitar problemas es conveniente conocer los puntos bsicos que se explican a continuacià ³n, asà ­ como cules son los problemas migratorios que pueden surgir por un divorcio y, por à ºltimo, quà © debe hacerse para que un divorcio en Estados Unidos tenga efectos legales en el paà ­s de origen. En el caso de desconocer dà ³nde se encuentra la persona de la que se quiere divorcia, es posible buscarlo en varias bases de datos oficiales de Estados Unidos. La importancia del estado a la hora de divorciarse en Estados Unidos En Estados Unidos, los asuntos de matrimonio y divorcio son competencia de los estados. Esto significa que las reglas pueden variar de uno a otro. Sin embargo, en todos los estados van a pedir que se cumplan al menos dos requisitos.   En primer lugar, que se pruebe la identidad de la persona que solicita el divorcio. Cada estado tiene un listado con todos los documentos que se admiten, como  la licencia de manejar, la tarjeta de residencia permanente, el pasaporte o la matrà ­cula consular. En segundo lugar, excepto en los casos de Alaska y Washington, se pide que la persona que se quiere divorciar pueda probar que reside en el estado en el que solicita el divorcio. En este punto las reglas varà ­an enormemente. Por ejemplo, en Dakota del Sur es suficiente probar que se vive en ese estado en el momento de iniciar los trmites. Pero ese es un caso excepcional, ya que la mayorà ­a de los estados piden probar residencia por 90 dà ­as, 180 dà ­as o, incluso, un aà ±o. Entre los estados que exigen residencia por ms de 352 dà ­as se encuentran Connecticut, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Nuevo Hampshire, Nueva Jersey, Nueva York, Rhode Island y Virginia Occidental. Algunos estados, adems, piden un mà ­nimo de tiempo de residencia en el condado en el que se presentan los papeles. Por ejemplo, en California se exigen 180 dà ­as de residencia en el estado, de los cuales 90 tienen que ser en el condado en el que se solicita el fin del matrimonio. El estado en el que una persona se divorcia es importante por varias razones. En primer lugar, porque cada estado regula las causas por las que es posible solicitarlo. En Estados Unidos dos de cada tres estados permiten lo que se conoce como no-fault divorce,  es decir, querer divorciarse es razà ³n suficiente para solicitarlo y obtenerlo. En los otros estados hay que cumplir con alguno de los requisitos que se refieren al incumplimiento del acuerdo matrimonial por alguno de los dos cà ³nyuges. En segundo lugar, los estados pueden exigir que se notifique a la otra parte el inicio del procedimiento de divorcio en lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como service of process. Se pueden admitir diferentes formas para realizar la notificacià ³n, pero en el caso de personas con un cà ³nyuge fuera de los Estados Unidos este requisito puede ser, en ocasiones, difà ­cil de cumplir, pero no por ello puede ignorarse. Y, en tercer lugar, las leyes del estado en el que se dicta el divorcio van a decidir sobre aspectos como divisià ³n de las propiedades, si las hay, custodias de hijos, y pensiones de alimentos o de sostenimiento (conocidas en inglà ©s como child support y alimony, respectivamente). Efectos migratorios del divorcio Cualquier persona que reside habitualmente en Estados Unidos puede divorciarse, cumpliendo con los requisitos del estado en el que solicita el divorcio. El procedimiento tiene lugar en la corte civil y depende del estado. Esos datos no se comunican con inmigracià ³n. Sin embargo, un divorcio sà ­Ã‚  puede tener consecuencias migratorias en tres casos: 1. En primer lugar, las personas que obtuvieron una tarjeta de residencia por matrimonio y se divorcian podrà ­an perderla, dependiendo del momento y de las circunstancias de la finalizacià ³n del và ­nculo matrimonial. Aunque la situacià ³n es ms delicada para las personas que desean divorciarse antes de levantar la condicionalidad de su green card, lo cierto es que los efectos pueden darse incluso cuando ya se tiene la tarjeta de residencia definitiva. El  problema aparece cuando se solicita la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n y ya consta el estado civil como divorciado. 2. En el caso de divorcio en el que la pareja tiene hijos en comà ºn, puede establecer una pensià ³n de mantenimiento para los menores. En el caso de incumplirse el pago de la pensià ³n de alimentos puede haber consecuencias civiles, penales y tambià ©n migratorias que pueden ir desde multas, penas de prisià ³n y anulacià ³n del pasaporte, hasta negacià ³n de beneficios migratorios como la tarjeta de residencia o la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. 3. En tercer lugar y con aplicacià ³n para todas las personas extranjeras en Estados Unidos, los casos de bigamia son causa de deportacià ³n y de denegacià ³n de la adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. La bigamia se produce cuando una persona est casada con otras dos al mismo tiempo. Por esta razà ³n conviene pensar bien el casarse en Estados Unidos sin antes divorciarse pensando que las autoridades estadounidenses nunca se van a enterar si hubo o no matrimonio previo en otro paà ­s. En estos casos, muchas veces se enteran por denuncias anà ³nimas que crean problemas migratorios que son difà ­ciles o imposible de resolver, y no es posible pedir un waiver. Adems, hay el agravante de que si hay una condena por bigamia se anulan todos los beneficios migratorios obtenidos a partir del momento en que se produjo la bigamia. Quà © hacer para que el divorcio en EEUU tenga efectos legales en el paà ­s de origen Las personas extranjeras pueden divorciarse en Estados Unidos, sin embargo, eso no quiere decir que ese divorcio es vlido en sus paà ­ses de origen o que produzca efectos legales automticamente. De hecho, existen dos formas completamente diferentes sobre cà ³mo otros  paà ­ses pueden contemplar un divorcio de uno de sus nacionales obtenidos en Estados Unidos. En primer lugar, se encuentran aquellos paà ­ses que no le reconocen ningà ºn valor legal y exigen que sus connacionales se divorcien en el paà ­s de origen, en persona o a travà ©s de un representante legal. Es, por ejemplo, el caso de Mà ©xico Asà ­, si un mexicano se casa en Mà ©xico pero vive  habitualmente en Estados Unidos, debe divorciase en su paà ­s. Si no quiere o no puede viajar a Mà ©xico, puede firmar un poder notarial a favor de un abogado o de una persona de confianza para que le represente en Mà ©xico durante los trmites de divorcio. Para realizar esos trmites puede cerrarse una cita con Mexitel. Tambià ©n existe un grupo de paà ­ses que sà ­ reconocen el valor legal de un divorcio obtenido por sus nacionales en Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, para que produzca efectos legales se exige que se lleve a cabo un trmite adicional para registrar dicho divorcio. Como ejemplo puede citarse el caso de los colombianos, ya que en Colombia se reconoce la validez de un divorcio dictado en Estados Unidos, imponià ©ndose solo la obligacià ³n de realizar lo que se conoce como exequtor ante la Sala Civil de la Corte Suprema. Solo se puede solicitar cuando la sentencia es final y ya no caben apelaciones o peticiones de nulidad. Adems, el requisito del exequtor tambià ©n rige para otros paà ­ses, por ejemplo, Perà º. Otros paà ­ses que tambià ©n optan por reconocer la validez del divorcio que sus connacionales obtienen en Estados Unidos piden diferentes trmites. Por ejemplo, Argentina da la opcià ³n de registrar y dar publicidad al divorcio dictado en Estados Unidos mediante su inscripcià ³n en el Registro Nacional de Estado y Capacidad mediante un procedimiento judicial o uno consular. Debido a que las reglas cambian segà ºn el paà ­s, lo recomendable es que cada migrante consulte con su embajada para determinar cules son los pasos a seguir y antes de proceder a obtener la apostilla de la Haya en el documento de divorcio, informarse sobre si ese trmite es necesario, ya que no es barato. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

buy custom Teamwork in the Organization of Toyota essay

buy custom Teamwork in the Organization of Toyota essay Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is among the leading automakers that provides a full range of models from mini-vehicles to large trucks. It has been noted to be a company with excellent human resource standards and a continuous and overall interest of pursuing harmonious growth and enhancing profitability. At Toyota, the employees have maintained a culture of The Toyota Way by continually receiving training in the Toyota Production System. Through this the company has fostered various work value practices. Toyota has adopted motivational and teamwork practices with astounding success. Toyota believes that human resource is the hub of the corporate system; hence, improving motivation and team work practices of employees is the key of maintaining a strong culture (Toyota n.d.).This paper will discuss motivational and teamwork practices employed by the company. Motivational Practices One of Toyotas keys to success has been its dedication to ensuring employee motivation. Toyota has been able to implement its motivational practices by offering an assured lifetime employment for its employees. It has focused on kaizen or continuous improvement by motivating its employees through investing considerable resources to training and education. With regards to the same, Toyota has implemented motivational practices on the women employees by ensuring that they are able to work and raise children simultaneously and build their career visions autonomously and actively. Besides, it has created an on-site childcare facility designed to assist employees fulfill their child rearing duties and their work-related tasks at the same time. Additionally, Toyotas management has created bimonthly family days (including staff members and relatives) to travel to upcountry trips and hosted birthday parties for all its employees (Sisodia, Wolfe, Sheth, 2007). Reward systems are undeniably among the major motivating practices the company utilizes to encourage its staff. In order to motivate employees, Toyota utilizes rewards practices by providing incentives including home loans, sport areas and insurances, paid vacation, and private health and dental care. Toyota has been categorized among the top 10 with regards to the same. Furthermore, the reward practice encompasses a general gain-sharing program anchored in realizing annual profit and quality goals for the organization. It has also afforded a pay scale founded on three elements of company profitability: one bonus is related to seniority, the second bonus payment is linked to teams performance, another bonus payment is allocated to workers merit, and finally, employees wages is normally raised from 85 percent to 115 percent according to the allocated amount. In the light of these, Toyota Company has created a reward system for employees whose suggestions have been executed. During 200 0, approximately 70 percent of employees in California NUMMI plant, contributed in providing roughly 18,000 suggestions and more than 90 percent of them were executed. In the United States, each Toyota employee contributes approximately 36 percent of suggestions annually or three per month minimally. Globally, the Toyota Corporation in-house suggestion scheme produces an excess of two million ideas annually. According to statistics, the most noteworthy information is that over 90 percent of the given suggestions are executed globally. Through this, the company and employees have benefitted by saving millions and receiving rewards with payout respectively. Regarding motivtional practice, Toyota has utilized a system of internal promotion which ensures casual workers have a possibility to obtain permanent contracts and develop into team leaders, foremen, and also managers. This practice permits workers to climb within the hierarchy and facilitates a number of them to become minor mana gers. As a result, Toyota improvement of its employees motivation has made the most favorable use of its human resource. During 2002, Toyotas head office, initiated a Diversity Project founded on its Global Vision 2010 which is aimed towards promoting the development of environments and enabling employees from across the globe with diverse cultures, values, and abilities to experience self-realization and motivation as individuals. The F1 project is another practice that was initiated in 1990 by Toyota Corporation with the aim of being involved in Motor Sports. It has been a successful tool that has assisted to motivate Toyotas 260,000 strong personnel around the globe. The employees have been extremely motivated in the Toyota TF103, the racing care that races in the F1 Grand Prix, which was built with similar technological systems to their traded production cars (Cornelissen Cornelissen, 2011). Toyotas approach is to constantly draw out the motivation in its employees. The education offered to new employees has a huge impact in their lives at the company. In the light of these, general technical employees are offered two months of factory training in the initial first year and three months of sales training in the second year after being recruited. The main purpose of sales training is to provide the employees a feeling of direct relation between their jobs and the sales floor. In this case, Toyota is able to impact a lifetime of motivation in the employees by temporarily stopping their usual jobs and having them experience the competitive environment of sales. Another motivational practice the company utilizes is its constant talk of crisis. The primary motive force, holding Toyotas prosperity in the 20th century, was a sense of crisis in the company and an unquenchable drive to lessen costs. Teamwork Practices Toyota Company has a unique human resource policy as it tends to raise its leaders from within. By raising its leaders, the company does not have to regularly recruit candidates from outside. It has mainly adopted a policy of learning by doing, teamwork approach. Toyota Company mainly focus on recruiting and maintaining employees who express drive and enthusiasm, team-work and co-operation, desire to embrace challenge, and commitment to responsibilities. Prior to the recruitment of new employees, the Toyotas managers selection is based on whether they demonstrate teamwork within the one-week screening process. Subsequently, Toyotas orientation, training, appraisal and incentive programs, all highlight motivation and teamwork. Putting the companys interests above the employees interest is fundamental to good teamwork. Employees in Toyotas company usually share knowledge with others in the team. Teamwork has been clearly manifested in the company due to the lengthy time and huge costs invested with regards to on-the-job training. A notable example is the proven track record in Toyota Motor Manufacturing, USA. Usually, team building commences with the employees commitment to the teamwork standards, which is formally written in Toyotas Team Member Handbook. Toyota production workers, design engineers, and marketing experts work as a team to recognize problems, discover solutions, and develop better technology with the aim of eliminating performance gaps that they have recognized. The entire factory work is arranged around work teams of approximately five to ten employees in charge of door installation, stamping tool, power train conveyance, die and body weld, and assembly team. There are no employees positioned on the plant floor, however, all employees are part of the work team. With the regards to these, several practices have been adopted by Toyota to ensure smooth running of work teams. Besides the Team Member Handbook, the company has established a team member activity association. The company ensures that thorough teamwork training is provided. Teamwork and closeness is enhanced as the work teams freely hire and choose their own new member. Moreover, all employees share group work, take initiative in solving problems, and utilize their creativity to develop all phases of the production systems. The strong corporate culture that is founded on the The Toyota Way has enabled the company to be among the most accepted companies globally. Toyota facilitates teamwork practices by ensuring that the employees from top management level to lower management levels take proactive steps and act as a team in order to enhance productivity and resolve problems. Instead of bureaucracy and supervisory control over employees, Toyota Corporation ensures that team members take accountability for and pride in their endeavors. The team-oriented work environment on Toyotas production line and the companys co-alignment with its suppliers and dealers/ customers outside the organizational edge has emphasized its main values of efficiency and cost reduction. In order to attain these values, Toyotas team has adopted management concepts which comprise of just-in-time, autonomation, flexibility, and creativity. Just-in-time concept denotes that the team members adjust to pressure in order to achieve co-al ignment between the foregoing process and the later process in the production system. Automation denotes how man and machine collaborate to manage defects. Inside the Toyota plants, high-speed management teamwork characteristics of permanent dissatisfaction and concentration are predominantly pertinent to achieving autonomation. Moreover, the team members ensure that flexibility is realized by working in unison. Team work enables the workforce switch from one machine to another smoothly and efficiently, hence, achieving high productivity. The U-turn layout of the Toyota machines is designed in such a way that team spirit is pertinent. Additionally, the workforce capitalizes on creative thinking by actively participating in quality control circles where they make improvements in all issues concerning the company. Besides, adopting speedy and effective communication and maintaining high-level teamwork between the factory and the employees is crucial to fulfilling the above concepts. Conclusion Toyota Company has embraced motivation and teamwork of employees as its key values. In order for Toyota Company to uphold lifetime employment for employees, it should continue to sustain the above practices over decades. Toyota has turned the company into a success not only through tools and quality improvement methods but also by deeper awareness rooted in having an understanding of its employees. The above discussed practices clearly state why Toyota keeps getting better and better and better. Being considered as the worlds best automobile company, Toyota should continuously improve its human resource practices in order to gain greater success in its corporate culture. Buy custom Teamwork in the Organization of Toyota essay